五岳何以无黄山?     

本刊编辑部 《地域研究与开发》1987,(2)

千百年前,就有“五岳归来不看山,黄山归来不看岳”之说。这表明,黄山它集名山奇景之大成。可能人们有这样的疑问:五岳命名已越两千年,何以当时未把黄山包括在内?五岳无疑应是古人最为推崇的名山,早在秦汉前的史籍中便屡有记载。据查,在西汉宣帝时,曾专门颁布诏书,命名五岳。只是当时命名的南岳是安徽潜山县的天柱山。随着物换星移,隋朝以来,南岳称号归于湖南省的衡山。翻开  相似文献   

Sequences in the Hardness Ratio-Peak Energy Plane of Gamma-Ray Bursts     

Xiao-Hong Cui  En-Wei Liang  Rui-Jing Lu National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming  ciwei@.com Department of Physics  Guangxi University  Nanning Department of Astronomy  Nanjing University  Nanjing Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(2):151-158

The narrowness of the distribution of the peak energy of the vFv spectrum of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the unification of GRB populations are great puzzles yet to be solved. We investigate the two puzzles based on the global spectral behaviors of different GRB populations, the long GRBs, the short GRBs, and the X-ray flashes (XRFs), in the HR - Ep plane (HR the spectral hardness ratio) with BATSE and HETE-2 observations. It is found that the long GRBs and the XRFs observed by HETE-2 seem to follow the same sequence in the HR-Ep plane, with the XRFs at the low end of this sequence. We fit the sequence by a universal Band function, and find that this sequence is mainly defined by the low energy index α, and is insensitive to the high energy index,β. With fixed β=-5, a best fit is given by α=-1.00 with X^2min/dof=2.2. The long and short GRBs observed by BATSE follow significantly different sequences in the HR-Ep plane, with most of the short GRBs having a larger hardness ratio than the long GRBs at a given Ep. For the long GRBs a best-fit yields α=-0.30 and β=-2.05. For the short GRBs, a best fit gives α=-0.60 with x^2min=1.1 (withβfixed at-2.0 because it is numerically unstable). The α value for the short GRBs is significantly greater than that for the long GRBs. These results indicate that the global spectral behaviors of the long GRB sample and the XRF sample are similar, while that of the short GRBs is different. The short GRBs seem to be a unique subclass of GRBs, and they are not the higher energy extension of the long GRBs.  相似文献   

Effect of Counter-Gradient in the Computation of Turbulent Fluxes of Heat and Moisture in a Regional Model     

S. S. Vaidya  V. N. Lykossov  S. S. Singh 《大气科学进展》1993,(1)

The counter-gradient terms in the computations of turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture have been included in the PBL parameterization of a regional model for monsoon prediction. Results show that inclusion of counter-gradient terms has a marginal impact in the prediction of large scale monsoon circulation and rainfall rates.  相似文献   

Wintertime Stratospheric Anomalies-Part I: Warm Pools     

Y.L.McHall 《大气科学进展》1992,(3)

The stratospheric worm pools, called the 4-day wave also, are mainly the temperature anomalies in the polar regions of winter hemisphere. It will be shown that their occurrence, propagation speed and specific structure can be explained by the lower frequency coherent heating resulting from the wave interaction in the breaking layers of the stratosphere. Although their vertical phase slope is negligibly small, the warm pools cannot be considered as a barotropic anomaly.  相似文献   

北方地理系统抗人为影响的性能     

Ю.Н.&Gamma  олубчиков  李德美 《地理科学进展》1991,10(4):15-19

地球科学中的综合,这是把关于自然的科学改变成另一类物质客体,使其能体现地理系统的相互作用。划分全球地理系统有很多依据。根据研究目的和任务研究人员可划分出同类自然要素组合区(自然带,生物群落);自然要素组合不同类,但成因同一的地区(大陆,自然地理区,区,地方);同向物质能量流的地区(流域,生态系统)。划分地理系统不完全是主观过程。自然界的各种地理系统对人为影响反应。然而人们经常是不能把自然界连续的空间划分成对某类经济活动有反应的地区。  相似文献   

地理现象的可分割性质     

M.F.古德柴尔德  D.M.马克  林涛 《地理科学进展》1991,10(4):5-15

在过去几年里,分割的概念引起了人们的极大关注。其主要思想起源于地图数据研究,而且它的很多应用继续牵涉到空间现象。在对比例尺的答复、自相似和空间循环细分三个标题下,我们回顾了地理学与分割的关联。分割度大小为表现制图综合效果特性和评价以空间样本为预告对象所推出的数据表示提供了手段。分割表面自相似特性,使得它如同在地貌过程研究中开始的或不存在的假设景观一样有用。空间现象的广泛变化,据统计,在许多规模上被证明是自相似,使人想起了像地理范围那样的比例尺依存关系的重要性。在文章三分之一的篇幅里,循环细分被证明是导致用数字形式表示空间数据的新奇和有效方法,并成为空间组织常见模型的特征。我们断定,分割被作为考虑空间形式传统方法重要变化,同时,与其说是提供了空间现象新的和重要的规范与标准,倒不如说提供了以经验为根据的可证实模型。  相似文献   

在世界包围中的新西兰农业:当今政策的调整     

R.W.M.约翰森  李柱臣 《地理科学进展》1991,10(3):35-39

在这篇文章里,我研究了十九世纪世界贸易和殖民扩展中的新西兰农业发展,继而研究了导致农业出口依赖于世界贸易、技术和动力平衡所出现的经济过程。我调查了农业(1963—1984年)近期的竞争,以及转向调整和出现二十世纪经济和剩余农业的含意。  相似文献   

Magnetic Field Strengths and Structures from Radio Observations of Solar Active Regions     

Chang－XiZhang  G.B.Gelfreikh 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2002,2(3):266-276

Radio observations of some active regions (ARs) obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph at λ=1.76cm are used for estimating the magnetic field strength in the upper chromosphere, based on thermal bremsstrahlung. The results are compared with the magnetic field strength in the photosphere from observations with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The difference in the magnetic field strength between the two layers seems reasonable. The solar radio maps of active regions obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph, both in total intensity (I-map) and in circular polarizations (V-map), are compared with the optical magnetograms obtained with the SMFT. The comparison between the radio map in circular polarization and the longitudinal photospheric magnetogram of a plage region suggest that the radio map in circular polarization is a kind of magnetogram of the upper chromosphere. The comparison of the radio map in total intensity with the photospheric vector magnetogram of an AR shows that the radio map in total intensity gives indications of magnetic loops in the corona, thus we have a method of defining the coronal magnetic structure from the radio I-maps at λ=1.76 cm. Analysing the I-maps, we identified three components: (a) a compact bright source; (b) a narrow elongated structure connecting two main magnetic islands of opposite polarities (observed in both the optical and radio magnetograms); (c) a wide, diffuse, weak component that corresponds to a wide structure in the solar active region which shows in most cases an S or a reversed S contour, which is probably due to the differential rotation of the Sun. The last two components suggest coronal loops on different spatial scales above the neutral line of the longitudinal photospheric magnetic field.  相似文献   

Is the Variable X—ray Source in M82 due to Gravitational Lensing？     

Da-Ming Chen 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2001,1(4):287-290

1 INTRODUCTIONObservations of the most famous starburst galaxy M82 with the High-Resolution Cameraon board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, showed that there are nine sources in the celltral11 x 11 region, but no son-roe was detected at the galactic center (Matsumoto et al. 2001).Comparing the observations on 1999 October 28 and those on 2000 January 20, the authorsfound an extremely large time variability of the source CXO M82 J095550.2 694047, which islocated gll away from the galact…  相似文献   

遥感技术与美国的人口普查     

H.A.莫罗——琼斯  J.F.沃特金斯  林珲 《地理科学进展》1985,4(3):37-43

引言 D.布鲁金尼的论文《可用空间时代技术进行更精确的人口普查》提出了一些有趣的问题。我们为能够在《摄影测量工程和遥感》杂志上看到这篇有关遥感在社会科学领城内的应用的论文而高兴。我们认为只有了解人口普查数据的多种用途之后,再来检验那些改进人口普查的方法才是合适的,众所周知,每十年一次的人口普查数据的精度和完备性并不是没有缺点的。无疑地,许多人口普查人员将首先承认,每次由点数  相似文献